The nonfiction films that changed minds and freed the wrongly convicted. Critics' picks for the greatest documentaries ever made, from The Thin Blue Line to Hoop Dreams to 13th.
The full ranking
The nonfiction films that changed minds and freed the wrongly convicted. Critics' picks for the greatest documentaries ever made, from The Thin Blue Line to Hoop Dreams to 13th.
13th (2016)
Ava DuVernay's essay documentary argues that the Thirteenth Amendment's exception for incarcerated people created a legal pathway for racial subjugation to continue after the Civil War, threading that argument through the history of mass incarceration and the war on drugs. Won the Emmy for Outstanding Documentary and is a foundational text of contemporary criminal justice debate.
The Thin Blue Line (1988)
Errol Morris's investigation into the 1976 murder of a Dallas police officer convinced enough people of Randall Dale Adams's innocence that a court overturned his conviction after the film's release. It introduced re-enactment as a serious documentary tool and is credited with inventing the modern true crime genre.
Hoop Dreams (1994)
A five-year follow-up of two Black teenagers from Chicago's inner city who dream of playing NBA basketball, the film became a profound meditation on race, class, family, and the American promise. At nearly three hours, it was praised for the intimacy and scope it achieved without appearing to manipulate its subjects.
Free Solo (2018)
A portrait of rock climber Alex Honnold's attempt to scale El Capitan in Yosemite without ropes, winning the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. The film is as much a character study of Honnold's psychology and his relationship with his girlfriend as it is a record of the climb itself.
Man on Wire (2008)
James Marsh's account of Philippe Petit's illegal 1974 high-wire walk between the Twin Towers uses contemporary interviews, archival footage, and staged recreations to tell the story as a heist film. Won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Won't You Be My Neighbor? (2018)
Morgan Neville's portrait of Fred Rogers and Mister Rogers' Neighborhood is a meditation on radical kindness and the deliberate moral seriousness Rogers brought to children's television. Became the highest-grossing biographical documentary in US history at the time of its release.
Shoah (1985)
Claude Lanzmann's nine-hour documentary about the Holocaust is built entirely from present-day testimony, refusing archival footage to insist on the living reality of trauma. Considered the most important documentary about the Holocaust ever made, and one of the most demanding works in the history of cinema.
Citizenfour (2014)
Laura Poitras filmed Edward Snowden in a Hong Kong hotel room as he handed over the NSA surveillance documents that became the biggest intelligence leak in American history. Won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature and is a primary historical document of its subject.
I Am Not Your Negro (2016)
Raoul Peck assembles James Baldwin's unfinished manuscript about the assassinations of Medgar Evers, Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr. into a film narrated by Samuel L. Jackson, using Baldwin's prose as a lens for examining race in America from the Civil Rights era to the present. Nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.
Sans Soleil (1983)
Chris Marker's essay film weaves footage from Japan, Guinea-Bissau, and Iceland with a voice-over reflecting on memory, time, and the act of image-making in a work that resists genre and synopsis. Considered the canonical example of the essay film and one of the most formally influential documentaries ever made.
Ranked across 3 sources: Rotten Tomatoes · 100 Best Documentaries of All Time; Time Out · Best Documentaries of All Time, Ranked; Collider · 35 Best Documentaries of All Time, Ranked. Full scoring is on the Methodology tab above.
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